ACMJ
Anatolian Current Medical Journal

Anatolian Current Medical Journal (ACMJ) is an unbiased, peer-reviewed, and open access international medical journal. The Journal publishes interesting clinical and experimental research conducted in all fields of medicine, interesting case reports, and clinical images, invited reviews, editorials, letters, comments, and related knowledge.

eISSN: 2718-0115
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International License.
EndNote Style

Submit Manuscript

Index
Original Article
Investigation of salivary miRNA-199a-5p levels in plaque-induced gingivitis
Abstract
Aims: Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in regulating the response to chronic inflammation in periodontal diseases and serve as reliable biomarkers. While these biomarkers are traditionally assessed through invasive techniques, analyzing miRNA expression in saliva offers a non-invasive and convenient alternative. Our study aims to investigate salivary miRNA-199a-5p levels in both healthy and diseased conditions and to evaluate its potential role as an early diagnostic indicator of periodontal diseases such as gingivitis.
Methods: Saliva samples from 50 individuals, either diagnosed with gingivitis or exhibiting a healthy periodontal condition, were analyzed using miRNeasy serum/plasma kit (Qiagen). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. MiRNA-199a-5p expression levels were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: In saliva samples collected from 50 individuals, the expression levels of miRNA-199a-5p were significantly elevated in the gingivitis group compared to the healthy control group. Aditionally, the bleeding on probing (BOP %) values were significantly higher in group G compared to the healthy group.
Conclusion: miRNA-199a-5p can be considered an important regulator with potential as both an early diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for periodontal diseases. Although its role in autophagy and inflammation shows promise, further studies are needed to clarify its specific functions and clinical relevance.

Keywords : miRNA-199a-5p, gingivitis, periodontal disease

Download Article


1. Belibasakis GN, Charalampakis G, Bostanci N, Stadlinger B. Peri-implant infections of oral biofilm etiology. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;830: 69-84. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11038-7_4
2. Weidlich P, Lopes De Souza MA, Oppermann RV. Evaluation of the dentogingival area during early plaque formation. J Periodontol. 2001; 72(7):901-910. doi:10.1902/jop.2001.72.7.901
3. Löe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol. 1965;36(3):177-187. doi: 10.1902/jop.1965.36.3.177
4. Yamamoto SL. Periodontal disease: symptoms, treatment, and prevention. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. 2010.
5. Maqbool R, Hussain MU. MicroRNAs and human diseases: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Cell Tissue Res. 2014;358(1):1-15. doi:10.1007/s00441-013-1787-3
6. Kozomara A, Griffiths-Jones S. miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014; 42(Database issue):D68-D73. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1181
7. García-Giménez JL, Seco-Cervera M, Tollefsbol TO, et al. Epigenetic biomarkers: current strategies and future challenges for their use in the clinical laboratory. Crit Res Clin Lab Sci. 2017;54(7-8):529-550. doi:10.1080/10408363.2017.1410520
8. O'Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed Y, et al. Overview of microRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:402. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00402
9. Meyle J, Chapple I. Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of periodontitis.Periodontol 2000. 2015;69(1):7-17. doi:10.1111/prd.12104
10. Park MG, Kim JS, Park SY, et al. microRNA-27 promotes the differentiation of odontoblastic cell by targeting APC and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Gene. 2014;538(2):266-272. doi:10.1016/j.gene. 2014.01.045
11. Nahid MA, Rivera M, Lucas A, et al. Polymicrobial infection with periodontal pathogens specifically enhances microRNA miR-146a in ApoE−/− mice during experimental periodontal disease. Infect Immun. 2011;79(4):1597-1605. doi:10.1128/IAI.01062-10
12. Zhu L, Xu H, Lv W, et al. miR-199b-5p regulates immune-mediated allograft rejection after lung transplantation through the GSK3β and NF-κB pathways. Inflammation. 2018;41(4):1524-1535. doi:10.1007/s10753-018-0799-2
13. Motedayyen, H, Ghotloo S, Saffari M, et al. Evaluation of MicroRNA-146a and its targets in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2015;86(12):1380-1385. doi:10.1902/jop. 2015.150319
14. Wang Q, Ye B, Wang P, et al. Overview of microRNA-199a regulation in cancer.Cancer Manag Res. 2019;10;11:10327-10335. doi:10.2147/CMAR.S231971
15. Jiang Q, Huang Yu W, Huang R, et al. mTOR signaling in the regulation of CD4+ T cell subsets in periodontal diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 827461. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.827461
16. Kim YC, Guan K L. mTOR: a pharmacologic target for autophagy regulation. J Clin Iinvest. 2015;125(1):25-32. doi:10.1172/JCI73939
17. Deleyto-Seldas N, Efeyan A. The mTOR-autophagy axis and the control of metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;9:655731. doi:10.3389/fcell. 2021.655731
18. Chen R, Alvero AB, Silasi DA, et al. Regulation of IKKbeta by miR-199a affects NF-kappaB activity in ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene. 2008; 27(34):4712-4723. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.112
19. Lu H, Yang Y, Ou S, et al. The silencing of miR-199a-5p protects the articular cartilage through MAPK4 in osteoarthritis. Ann Transl Med. 2022;10(10):601. doi:10.21037/atm-22-2057
20. Garabet L, Rangber A, Eriksson AM, et al. MicroRNA-199a-5p may be a diagnostic biomarker of primary ITP. Br J Haematol. 2025;206(5):1443-1449. doi:10.1111/bjh.19987
21. Zhao DY, Zho L, Yin TF, et al. Circulating miR-627-5p and miR-199a-5p are promising diagnostic biomarkers of colorectal neoplasia. World J Clin Cases. 2022;10(16):5165-5184. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i16.5165
22. Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Boronat-Catalá M, Micó-Martinez P, et al. Epigenetics and periodontics: a systematic review.Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal.2019;24(5):e659-e672. doi:10.4317/medoral.23008
23. De Souza AP, Planello AC, Marques MR, et al. High-throughput DNA analysis shows the importance of methylation in the control of immune inflammatory gene transcription in chronic periodontitis.Clin Epigenetics.2014;6(1):15. doi:10.1186/1868-7083-6-15
24. Li H, Deng Y, Sun K, et al. Structural basis of kindlin-mediated integrin recognition and activation.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114(35): 93499354. doi:10.1073/pnas.1703064114
25. Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, et al. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S74-S84. doi:10.1002/JPER.17-0719
26. Silness J, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22(1):121-135. doi:10.3109/00016356408993968
27. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402-408. doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262
28. Kim SH, Lee SY, Lee YM, et al. MicroRNAs as biomarkers for dental diseases.Singapore Dent J.2015;36:18-22. doi:10.1016/j.sdj.2015.09.001
29. García-Giménez J, Sanchis-Gomar F, Lippi G, et al. Epigenetic biomarkers: a new perspective in laboratory diagnostics.Clin Chim Acta. 2012;413(19-20):1576-1582. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2012.05.0
30. Irwandi RA, Vacharaksa A. The role of microRNA in periodontal tissue: a review of the literature. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;72:66-74. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.014
31. Lawrence T. The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway in inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2009;1(6):a001651. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a001651
32. Barut Z, Akdeniz FT, Avsar O, Cabbar AT. Investigation of miRNA-199a-5p expression and its clinical association with LDL cholesterol levels in atherosclerosis. In Vivo. 2024;38(6):2656-2664. doi:10.21873/invivo.13742
33. Dolz S, Górriz D, Tembl JI, et al. Circulating microRNAs as novel biomarkers of stenosis progression in asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Storke. 2017;48(1):10-16. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.013650
34. Almiñana-Pastor PJ, Alpiste-Illueca FM, Micó-Martinez P, et al. MicroRNAs in gingival crevicular fluid: an observational case-control study of differential expressionin periodontitis. Noncoding RNA. 2023; 9(6):73. doi:10.3390/ncrna9060073
35. Cinpolat O, Unal ZN, Ismi O, et al. Comparison of microRNA profiles between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors in tissue, blood and saliva samples: a prospective, case-control study. Braz J Otorhinolaryngo. 2017;83(3):276-284. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.03.013
36. Yuan Y, Li N, Zeng L, et al. Pathogenesis investigation of miR-199-5p in oral submucous fibrosis based on bioinformatics analysis.Oral Dis. 2019;25(2):456-465. doi:10.1111/odi.13008
37. Quadri MFA, Kamel AM, Nayeem M, et al. Smokeless tobacco and periodontitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.J Periodontal Res. 2024;59(6):1062-1070. doi:10.1111/jre.13274
38. Al-Rawi NH, Rizvi Z, Mkadmi S, et al. Differential expression profile of salivary oncomiRNAs among smokeless tobacco users.Eur J Dent.2023;17(04):1215-1220. doi:10.1055/s-0043-1761191
39. Li Y, He Y, Xiang J, et al. The functional mechanism of microRNA in oral lichen planus.J Inflamm Res. 2022;4261-4274. doi:10.2147/JIR.S369304
40. Wang L, Wu W, Chen J, et al. miR-122 and miR-199 synergistically promote autophagy in oral lichen planus by targeting the Akt/mTOR pathway.Int J Mol Med. 2019;43(3):1373-1381. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2019. 4068
41. Rovas A, Puriene A, Snipaitiene K, et al. Analysis of periodontitis-associated miRNAs in gingival tissue, gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and blood plasma. Arch Oral Biol. 2021;126:105125. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105125
42. Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, et al. Periodontitis: consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol. 2018;89(Suppl 1):173-S182. doi:10.1002/JPER.17-0721
Article available in :
Volume 7, Issue 3, 2025
Page : 369-374
https://doi.org/10.38053/acmj.1676243
Article Information
Received : 15 Nis 2025
Accepted : 29 May 2025
Published : 30 May 2025
Corresponding Author :

Fatma Tuba Akdeniz: Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İstanbul Okan University, İstanbul, Turkiye

[email protected]
Citation : Akdeniz FT, Nalbantoğlu AM, Barut Z, et al. Investigation of salivary miRNA-199a-5p levels in plaque-induced gingivitis. Anatolian Curr Med J. 2025;7(3):369-374.

Read: 3
Cited: 0
Download : 9
_Footer