1.
Trovato L, Calvo M, Migliorisi G, Astuto M, Oliveri F, Oliveri S. Fatal VAP-related pulmonary aspergillosis byAspergillus nigerin a positive COVID-19 patient. Respir Med Case Rep. 2021;32:101367. doi:10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101367
2.
Salmanton-García J, Sprute R, Stemler J, et al. COVID-19-Associated pulmonary aspergillosis, March-August 2020.Emerg Infect Dis. 2021; 27(4):1077-1086. doi:10.3201/eid2704.204895
3.
Koehler P, Meis JF, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. COVID-19/influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis—management. Uniklinik Köln: Köln, Germany, 2020. [cited 2020 May 30].https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl%3A6421494
4.
Beer KD, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Verweij PE, Van de Veerdonk FL, Wauters J.Does pulmonary aspergillosis complicate coronavirus disease 2019?Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(9):e0211. doi:10.1097/CCE. 0000000000000211
5.
Costantini C, van de Veerdonk FL, Romani L.Covid-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the other side of the coin.Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(4):713. doi:10.3390/vaccines8040713
6.
Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, van de Veerdonk FL, et al.COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)—from immunology to treatment.J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(2):91. doi:10.3390/jof6020091
7.
van Arkel ALE, Rijpstra TA, Belderbos HNA, van Wijngaarden P, Verweij PE, Bentvelsen RG.COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(1):132-135. doi:10.1164/rccm.202004-1038LE
8.
Zhang SY, Lian JS, Hu JH, et al.Clinical characteristics of different subtypes and risk factors for the severity of illness in patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang, China.Infect Dis Poverty. 2020;9(1):85. doi:10. 1186/s40249-020-00710-6
9.
Nasir N, Farooqi J, Mahmood SF, Jabeen K.COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in patients admitted with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: an observational study from Pakistan.Mycoses. 2020;63(8):766-770. doi:10.1111/myc.13135
10.
Lamoth F, Glampedakis E, Boillat-Blanco N, Oddo M, Pagani JL.Incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among critically ill COVID-19 patients.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(12):1706-1708. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.010
11.
lanio A, Dellière S, Fodil S, Bretagne S, Mégarbane B.Prevalence of putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):e48-e49. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30237-X
12.
Harman EM. Aspergillosis. In: Soo Hoo GW (Ed). Medscape. Updated: May 12, 2021. <u>https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/296052-overview#a5 (Accessed online on June 25, 2024)</u>
13.
Aspergilloma and AIDS. A comparison of HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals.Chest. 1997;111(3):612-618. doi:10.1378/chest.111.3. 612
14.
Meersseman W, Vandecasteele SJ, Wilmer A, Verbeken E, Peetermans WE, Van Wijngaerden E. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients without malignancy.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(6):621-625. doi:10.1164/rccm.200401-093OC
15.
Rutsaert L, Steinfort N, Van Hunsel T, et al. COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):71. doi:10.1186/s13613-020-00686-4
16.
Bartoletti M, Pascale R, Cricca M, et al. Epidemiology of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among COVID-19 intubated patients: a prospective study.Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(11):e3606-e3614. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1065
17.
Helleberg M, Steensen M, Arendrup MC. Invasive aspergillosis in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 27(1):147-148. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.047
18.
Mohamed A, Rogers TR, Talento AF. COVID-19 associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(3):115. doi:10.3390/jof6030115
19.
Lamoth F, Glampedakis E, Boillat-Blanco N, Oddo M, Pagani JL. Incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among critically ill COVID-19 patients.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(12):1706-1708. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.010
20.
Moeller B. Assessing invasive pulmonary aspergillosis incidence in COVID-19 vs Influenza. Pulmonary Advisor. Available athttps://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/home/topics/lung-infection/assessing-invasive-pulmonary-aspergillosis-incidence-in-covid-19-vs-influenza/. April 22, 2021.
21.
Lamoth F, Lewis RE, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Navigating the uncertainties of COVID-19 associated aspergillosis (CAPA): a comparison with influenza associated aspergillosis (IAPA).J Infect Dis. 2021;224(10):1631-1640. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab163
22.
Cennimo DJ. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical presentation. In: Bronze MS (Ed). Medscape. Updated: May 01, 2024.https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500114-clinical#b3 (Accessed online on June 25, 20214)
23.
Wiersinga WJ, Rhodes A, Cheng AC, Peacock SJ, Prescott HC. Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review.JAMA. 2020;324(8):782-793. doi:10. 1001/jama.2020.12839
24.
CDC. Long-term effects of COVID-19. Centers for disease control and prevention. Available athttps://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects.html. 2020 Nov 13; Accessed: December 1, 2021.
25.
[Guideline] COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Clinical Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. National Institutes of Health. Available at https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/overview/clinical-spectrum/. March 1 2024 (updated); Accessed: February 29, 2024.
26.
Datta SD, Talwar A, Lee JT. A proposed framework and timeline of the spectrum of disease due to sars-cov-2 infection: illness beyond acute infection and public health implications.JAMA. 2020;324(22):2251-2252. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22717
27.
McFadyen JD, Stevens H, Peter K. The emerging threat of (Micro)thrombosis in COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications.Circ Res. 2020;127(4):571-587. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317447
28.
Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(3):327-360. doi:10.1086/525258
29.
Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, van de Veerdonk FL, et al. COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA)-from immunology to treatment.J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(2):91. doi:10.3390/jof6020091
30.
Koehler P, Cornely OA, Böttiger BW, et al. COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis.Mycoses. 2020;63(6):528-534. doi:10.1111/myc. 13096
31.
Charles MP, Kali A, Easow JM, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia.Australas Med J. 2014;7(8):334-344. doi:10.4066/AMJ.2014. 2105
32.
Torres A, Martin-Loeches I. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in ventilator-associated pneumonia: the hidden enemy? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;202(8):1071-1073. doi:10.1164/rccm.202006-2605ED
33.
Person AK, Chudgar SM, Norton BL, Tong BC, Stout JE. Aspergillus niger: an unusual cause of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. J Med Microbiol. 2010;59(Pt 7):834-838. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.018309-0
34.
Trovato L, Scalia G, Domina M, Oliveri S. Environmental isolates of multi-azole-resistantAspergillusspp. in Southern Italy. J Fungi (Basel). 2018;4(4):131. doi:10.3390/jof4040131
35.
Dupont D, Menotti J, Turc J, et al. Pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Med Mycol. 2021;59(1):110-114. doi:10.1093/mmy/myaa078
36.
Schein F, Munoz-Pons H, Mahinc C, Grange R, Cathébras P, Flori P. Fatal aspergillosis complicating severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report. J Mycol Med. 2020;30(4):101039. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101039
37.
Kitayama T, Tone K, Makimura K, Takagi M, Kuwano K. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by severe coronavirus disease: is detection of Aspergillus in airway specimens before disease onset an indicator of antifungal prophylaxis? Cureus. 2023;15(3): e36212.doi:10.7759/cureus.36212
38.
Koehler P, Bassetti M, Chakrabarti A, et al. Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance.Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(6):e149-e162. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30847-1
39.
Chong WH, Neu KP. Incidence, diagnosis and outcomes of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): a systematic review.J Hosp Infect. 2021;113:115-129. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.012
40.
Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard dosing (AmBiLoad trial).Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(10):1289-1297. doi:10.1086/514341
41.
Hatzl S, Reisinger AC, Posch F, et al. Antifungal prophylaxis for prevention of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients: an observational study.Crit Care. 2021;25(1):335. doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03753-9